nature, or something else? After the Enlightenment, wondering why God doesn’t intervene to stop suffering led inevitably to wondering if there even was a God to intervene at all. Bishop Berkeley famously said that philosophers are people who kick up dust and then complain that they cannot see. Indeed, some suggest that worrying about the theodicy question is not a proper activity for Christian theology because the very issues at stake have been corrupted from the outset by Enlightenment philosophers.